​⚽ فصل ۱۱: ورزش و تمرین

🔸athletic performance
بجای: sports ability
معنی: عملکرد ورزشی
(Band 5❌): Sports ability is important.
(Band 8✅): Athletic performance depends on both physical conditioning and mental preparation.

🔸competitive sports
بجای: competition games
معنی: ورزش‌های رقابتی
(Band 5❌): Competition games are popular.
(Band 8✅): Competitive sports emphasize achievement and comparison with others.

🔸physical conditioning
بجای: body training
معنی: آماده‌سازی جسمانی
(Band 5❌): Body training improves fitness.
(Band 8✅): Physical conditioning optimizes the body for specific athletic demands.
اشتباه رایج: استفاده برای ورزش عمومی
❌ going to gym
✅ periodized training for marathon

🔸sports psychology
بجای: mental game
معنی: روانشناسی ورزش
(Band 5❌): Mental game is important.
(Band 8✅): Sports psychology applies psychological principles to enhance athletic performance.

🔸team dynamics
بجای: team relations
معنی: پویایی تیمی
(Band 5❌): Team relations affect performance.
(Band 8✅): Team dynamics influence cooperation, communication, and collective efficacy.

🔸sportsmanship
بجای: fair play
معنی: روحیه ورزشکاری
(Band 5❌): Fair play is important.
(Band 8✅): Sportsmanship encompasses respect, integrity, and grace in both victory and defeat.
اشتباه رایج: استفاده برای قوانین ساده
❌ following rules
✅ helping injured opponent despite competitive disadvantage

🔸athletic development
بجای: sports growth
معنی: توسعه ورزشی
(Band 5❌): Sports growth takes time.
(Band 8✅): Athletic development follows progressive stages from fundamental to specialized skills.

🔸performance metrics
بجای: sports measurements
معنی: معیارهای عملکرد
(Band 5❌): Sports measurements track progress.
(Band 8✅): Performance metrics quantify athletic improvement and identify areas for development.

🔸recreational sports
بجای: fun games
معنی: ورزش‌های تفریحی
(Band 5❌): Fun games are for enjoyment.
(Band 8✅): Recreational sports emphasize participation and social interaction over competition.
اشتباه رایج: استفاده برای هر ورزش غیرحرفه‌ای
❌ playing casually
✅ organized community leagues with emphasis on fun

🔸injury prevention
بجای: avoid injury
معنی: پیشگیری از آسیب
(Band 5❌): Athletes should avoid injury.
(Band 8✅): Injury prevention programs reduce risks through proper technique and conditioning.

🔸sports infrastructure
بجای: sports facilities
معنی: زیرساخت ورزشی
(Band 5❌): Sports facilities are needed.
(Band 8✅): Sports infrastructure includes venues, equipment, and support systems.

🔸elite athletics
بجای: top sports
معنی: ورزش نخبه
(Band 5❌): Top sports require dedication.
(Band 8✅): Elite athletics demand exceptional physical and psychological commitment.

🔸motor skills
بجای: movement abilities
معنی: مهارت‌های حرکتی
(Band 5❌): Movement abilities develop early.
(Band 8✅): Motor skills progress from basic to complex patterns through practice.
اشتباه رایج: استفاده برای توانایی‌های عمومی
❌ ability to move
✅ specific skills like throwing accuracy

🔸sports governance
بجای: sports management
معنی: حکمرانی ورزش
(Band 5❌): Sports management organizes events.
(Band 8✅): Sports governance establishes rules and policies for fair competition.

🔸athletic potential
بجای: sports talent
معنی: پتانسیل ورزشی
(Band 5❌): Sports talent is natural.
(Band 8✅): Athletic potential combines genetic predisposition with training opportunities