​🚗 فصل ۱۳: حمل‌ونقل و سفر

🔸mobility patterns
بجای: travel habits
معنی: الگوهای تحرک
(Band 5❌): People have travel habits.
(Band 8✅): Mobility patterns reflect urban design and socioeconomic factors.

🔸transport infrastructure
بجای: roads and transport
معنی: زیرساخت حمل‌ونقل
(Band 5❌): Roads and transport are important.
(Band 8✅): Transport infrastructure determines a city's efficiency and livability.

🔸traffic congestion
بجای: traffic jams
معنی: ترافیک و شلوغی
(Band 5❌): Traffic jams are common.
(Band 8✅): Traffic congestion results from imbalance between road capacity and vehicle demand.
اشتباه رایج: استفاده برای شلوغی موقت
❌ temporary road block
✅ chronic urban traffic problems

🔸public transit
بجای: public transport
معنی: ترانزیت عمومی
(Band 5❌): Public transport is necessary.
(Band 8✅): Efficient public transit reduces private vehicle dependency and emissions.

🔸last-mile connectivity
بجای: final distance
معنی: اتصال مایل آخر
(Band 5❌): The final distance matters.
(Band 8✅): Last-mile connectivity bridges gaps between transit stops and destinations.

🔸sustainable mobility
بجای: eco-friendly travel
معنی: تحرک پایدار
(Band 5❌): We need eco-friendly travel.
(Band 8✅): Sustainable mobility prioritizes walking, cycling, and public transport.
اشتباه رایج: استفاده برای ماشین برقی
❌ electric car only
✅ integrated multi-modal transport system

🔸transit-oriented development
بجای: building near transport
معنی: توسعه مبتنی بر حمل‌ونقل
(Band 5❌): Building near transport is smart.
(Band 8✅): Transit-oriented development creates walkable communities around transit hubs.

🔸intermodal transport
بجای: different transports
معنی: حمل‌ونقل چندوجهی
(Band 5❌): Using different transports helps.
(Band 8✅): Intermodal transport seamlessly integrates various transportation modes.

🔸congestion pricing
بجای: traffic fees
معنی: قیمت‌گذاری ترافیک
(Band 5❌): Traffic fees reduce cars.
(Band 8✅): Congestion pricing manages demand by charging for road use during peak hours.

🔸active transportation
بجای: walking and cycling
معنی: حمل‌ونقل فعال
(Band 5❌): Walking and cycling are healthy.
(Band 8✅): Active transportation provides both mobility and physical activity benefits.
اشتباه رایج: استفاده برای ورزش
❌ exercise cycling
✅ cycling for daily commuting

🔸transport equity
بجای: fair transport
معنی: عدالت حمل‌ونقلی
(Band 5❌): Everyone should have fair transport.
(Band 8✅): Transport equity ensures access for all socioeconomic groups.

🔸mobility as a service
بجای: transport apps
معنی: تحرک به عنوان خدمت
(Band 5❌): Transport apps are convenient.
(Band 8✅): Mobility as a service integrates various transport options through digital platforms.

🔸transit efficiency
بجای: transport speed
معنی: کارآیی ترانزیت
(Band 5❌): Transport speed matters.
(Band 8✅): Transit efficiency considers frequency, reliability, and coverage.
اشتباه رایج: استفاده برای سرعت تنها
❌ fast trains
✅ door-to-door travel time

🔸urban mobility
بجای: city transport
معنی: تحرک شهری
(Band 5❌): City transport systems vary.
(Band 8✅): Urban mobility planning affects quality of life and economic productivity.

🔸transport decarbonization
بجای: reduce transport pollution
معنی: کربن‌زدایی حمل‌ونقل
(Band 5❌): We should reduce transport pollution.
(Band 8✅): Transport decarbonization is essential for climate change mitigation