​🏘️ فصل ۲۳: جامعه و مسائل اجتماعی (Society & Social Issues)

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🔸 social inequality

❌ Band 5: Unfair society.
✅ Band 8: Social inequality limits opportunities for disadvantaged groups.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Poverty, Justice
· Speaking Part 3: Equal opportunities

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🔸 community development

❌ Band 5: Improving areas.
✅ Band 8: Community development empowers residents to shape their neighborhoods.
⚠️ Avoid: just building things

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Urban planning
· Speaking Part 3: Local projects

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🔸 social mobility

❌ Band 5: Moving between classes.
✅ Band 8: Education is key to improving social mobility.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Opportunity, Class
· Speaking Part 3: Success, Progress

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🔸 demographic changes

❌ Band 5: Population changes.
✅ Band 8: Demographic changes affect healthcare and pension systems.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Aging population
· Speaking Part 3: Future trends

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🔸 social cohesion

❌ Band 5: Society together.
✅ Band 8: Social cohesion strengthens communities during crises.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Unity, Diversity
· Speaking Part 3: Community spirit

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🔸 marginalization

❌ Band 5: Pushing to edges.
✅ Band 8: Marginalization prevents full participation in society.
⚠️ Avoid: just being different

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Minorities
· Speaking Part 3: Exclusion

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🔸 social integration

❌ Band 5: Fitting into society.
✅ Band 8: Social integration helps immigrants adapt to new cultures.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Immigration
· Speaking Part 3: Multiculturalism

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🔸 generational gap

❌ Band 5: Young-old differences.
✅ Band 8: The generational gap widens with rapid technological change.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Family, Change
· Speaking Part 3: Values, Technology

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🔸 social welfare

❌ Band 5: Help for poor.
✅ Band 8: Social welfare programs provide safety nets for vulnerable populations.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Government spending
· Speaking Part 3: Support systems

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🔸 cultural diversity

❌ Band 5: Different cultures.
✅ Band 8: Cultural diversity enriches societies through new perspectives.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Immigration
· Speaking Part 3: Benefits

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🔸 social norms

❌ Band 5: Unwritten rules.
✅ Band 8: Social norms shape acceptable behavior in communities.
⚠️ Avoid: just traditions

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Behavior
· Speaking Part 3: Expectations

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🔸 poverty alleviation

❌ Band 5: Reducing poverty.
✅ Band 8: Poverty alleviation requires education, jobs, and social support.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Developing countries
· Speaking Part 3: Solutions

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🔸 social justice

❌ Band 5: Fair society.
✅ Band 8: Social justice movements advocate for equal rights and opportunities.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Equality
· Speaking Part 3: Rights

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🔸 community engagement

❌ Band 5: People getting involved.
✅ Band 8: Community engagement improves local decision-making.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Participation
· Speaking Part 3: Volunteering

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🔸 social exclusion

❌ Band 5: Left out.
✅ Band 8: Social exclusion leads to isolation and reduced opportunities.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Poverty
· Speaking Part 3: Problems

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🔸 civic society

❌ Band 5: Organized groups.
✅ Band 8: Civil society organizations advocate for citizen interests.
⚠️ Avoid: just charities

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: NGOs
· Speaking Part 3: Activism

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🔸 social capital

❌ Band 5: Community connections.
✅ Band 8: Social capital refers to networks and relationships in communities.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Trust
· Speaking Part 3: Relationships

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🔸 intergenerational equity

❌ Band 5: Fairness across ages.
✅ Band 8: Intergenerational equity considers future generations in today's decisions.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Sustainability
· Speaking Part 3: Future

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🔸 social services

❌ Band 5: Help services.
✅ Band 8: Social services support vulnerable individuals and families.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Welfare
· Speaking Part 3: Support

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🔸 urbanization trends

❌ Band 5: Cities growing.
✅ Band 8: Urbanization trends reshape social structures and communities.

🎯 Use in:

· Writing Task 2: Cities
· Speaking Part 3: Rural-urban migration

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