​👗 فصل ۱۲: مد و لباس

🔸sartorial choices
بجای: clothing decisions
معنی: انتخاب‌های پوششی
(Band 5❌): Clothing decisions reflect personality.
(Band 8✅): Sartorial choices communicate social identity and cultural values.

🔸fashion industry
بجای: clothes business
معنی: صنعت مد
(Band 5❌): Clothes business is big.
(Band 8✅): The fashion industry encompasses design, manufacturing, and retail of apparel.

🔸style evolution
بجای: fashion changes
معنی: تکامل سبک
(Band 5❌): Fashion changes over time.
(Band 8✅): Style evolution reflects broader social and cultural transformations.
اشتباه رایج: استفاده برای تغییرات فصلی
❌ new season collections
✅ historical shifts from corsets to modern wear

🔸personal aesthetics
بجای: personal style
معنی: زیبایی‌شناسی شخصی
(Band 5❌): Everyone has personal style.
(Band 8✅): Personal aesthetics express individual identity through curated appearance.

🔸cultural appropriation
بجای: copy styles
معنی: تصرف فرهنگی
(Band 5❌): Some people copy styles.
(Band 8✅): Cultural appropriation in fashion raises ethical questions about authenticity and respect.

🔸sustainable fashion
بجای: eco-friendly clothes
معنی: مد پایدار
(Band 5❌): Eco-friendly clothes are better.
(Band 8✅): Sustainable fashion considers environmental and social impacts throughout the lifecycle.
اشتباه رایج: استفاده برای لباس‌های طبیعی
❌ cotton clothes
✅ ethically produced, durable garments with circular design

🔸fashion cycles
بجای: trend periods
معنی: چرخه‌های مد
(Band 5❌): Trends have periods.
(Band 8✅): Fashion cycles describe the recurrence of styles over decades.

🔸design innovation
بجای: new designs
معنی: نوآوری طراحی
(Band 5❌): Designers create new designs.
(Band 8✅): Design innovation in fashion often responds to technological and social changes.

🔸fashion communication
بجای: fashion messaging
معنی: ارتباطات مد
(Band 5❌): Fashion has messaging.
(Band 8✅): Fashion communication includes advertising, journalism, and digital media.
اشتباه رایج: استفاده برای تبلیغات ساده
❌ clothing ads
✅ fashion shows as cultural events

🔸textile production
بجای: fabric making
معنی: تولید منسوجات
(Band 5❌): Fabric making uses resources.
(Band 8✅): Textile production has significant environmental and social implications.