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🔹 Lesson 10 – Intermediate

Reported Speech

نقل قول غیرمستقیم


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1️⃣ Title

Reported Speech
نقل قول غیرمستقیم
📌 سطح: Intermediate | کاربرد: بازگو کردن گفته کسی بدون استفاده مستقیم از نقل قول


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2️⃣ Why do we use it? (چرا استفاده می‌کنیم؟)

نقل قول غیرمستقیم برای:

1. بازگو کردن گفته دیگران بدون استفاده از علامت نقل قول


2. تغییر زمان، ضمیر و کلمات اشاره برای تطبیق با جمله جدید


3. رسمی‌تر و طبیعی‌تر کردن مکالمه یا نوشتار




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3️⃣ Explanation (توضیح فارسی ساده)

🔹 Structure (ساختار)

Direct → Reported (مستقیم → غیرمستقیم)


1. Affirmative (مثبت):

Direct: He said, “I am tired.”

Reported: He said (that) he was tired.



2. Negative (منفی):

Direct: She said, “I don’t like coffee.”

Reported: She said (that) she didn’t like coffee.



3. Question (سوالی):

Direct: “Do you speak English?”

Reported: He asked me if I spoke English.





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4️⃣ Time / Pronoun Changes (تغییر زمان و ضمایر)

Direct Speech Reported Speech

am / is → was I am tired → He said he was tired
are → were You are happy → She said you were happy
do / does → did I do my homework → He said he did his homework
will → would I will go → He said he would go
here → there I am here → He said he was there
now → then I’m busy now → He said he was busy then



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5️⃣ Examples (مثال با ترجمه)

Direct: “I have finished my work.”
Reported: He said (that) he had finished his work.
او گفت که کارش را تمام کرده است.

Direct: “Don’t be late!”
Reported: She told me not to be late.
او به من گفت که دیر نکنم.

Direct: “Are you coming to the party?”
Reported: He asked if I was coming to the party.
او پرسید آیا به مهمانی می‌آیم.


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6️⃣ Common Persian Mistakes 🚫

❌ He said he is tired.
✅ He said he was tired.

❌ She told me don’t be late.
✅ She told me not to be late.

❌ He asked me if I come to the party.
✅ He asked me if I was coming to the party.


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7️⃣ Quick Practice

1. جمله درست بساز:



Direct: “I am hungry.” → ______
✅ Reported: He said (that) he was hungry.


2. سوال بساز:



Direct: “Do you like pizza?” → ______
✅ Reported: He asked me if I liked pizza.


3. جمله منفی بساز:



Direct: “I don’t want to go.” → ______
✅ Reported: She said (that) she didn’t want to go.



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8️⃣ Summary Box

✔ Structure → Subject + said/told + (that) + clause
✔ Time / Pronoun Changes → am → was, will → would, here → there
✔ Use → بازگو کردن گفته‌ها، رسمی‌تر کردن گفتار
✔ اشتباه رایج → تغییر ندادن زمان‌ها، فراموشی not در منفی