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🔹 Lesson 9 – Intermediate

Passive Voice

ساخت جملات مجهول


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1️⃣ Title

Passive Voice
ساخت جملات مجهول
📌 سطح: Intermediate | کاربرد: زمانی که فعل به جای فاعل جمله اهمیت دارد یا فاعل معلوم نیست/بی‌اهمیت است


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2️⃣ Why do we use it? (چرا استفاده می‌کنیم؟)

جملات مجهول برای:

1. تاکید بر عمل یا نتیجه آن به جای انجام‌دهنده


2. وقتی فاعل معلوم نیست یا اهمیت ندارد


3. متون علمی، خبری و رسمی




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3️⃣ Explanation (توضیح فارسی ساده)

🔹 Structure (ساختار)

Affirmative (مثبت):
Subject + be (am/is/are/was/were) + past participle (+ by + agent)

The book is written by John.

The house was built in 1990.


Negative (منفی):
Subject + be + not + past participle

The homework wasn’t done on time.


Question (سوالی):
Be + subject + past participle?

Is the letter sent?

Was the project completed on time?



🔹 Modal Passive

Modal + be + past participle

The work must be finished today.

The documents should be signed by the manager.




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4️⃣ Usage (کاربردها)

Situation Example ترجمه

Emphasize action The cake was eaten quickly. کیک سریع خورده شد
Unknown agent The window was broken. پنجره شکسته شد
Formal / scientific The experiment was conducted in 2020. آزمایش در سال ۲۰۲۰ انجام شد
Modal passive The report must be submitted by Friday. گزارش باید تا جمعه تحویل داده شود



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5️⃣ Examples (مثال با ترجمه)

The homework was done by Ali.
تکلیف توسط علی انجام شد.

A new bridge is being built in the city.
یک پل جدید در شهر در حال ساخته شدن است.

The results must be checked carefully.
نتایج باید با دقت بررسی شوند.

Was the letter sent yesterday?
آیا نامه دیروز فرستاده شد؟


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6️⃣ Common Persian Mistakes 🚫

❌ The book wrote by John.
✅ The book was written by John.

❌ The homework do not done.
✅ The homework wasn’t done.

❌ Must finish the work today.
✅ The work must be finished today.


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7️⃣ Quick Practice

1. جمله درست بساز:



The project / complete / on time → ______
✅ The project was completed on time.


2. سوال بساز:



the letter / send / yesterday? → ______
✅ Was the letter sent yesterday?


3. جمله منفی بساز:



The homework / do / on time → ______
✅ The homework wasn’t done on time.


4. Modal Passive:



The documents / sign / by manager → ______
✅ The documents must be signed by the manager.



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8️⃣ Summary Box

✔ Structure → Subject + be + past participle (+ by agent)
✔ Use → تاکید بر فعل، فاعل نامعلوم، متون رسمی
✔ Modal Passive → must be, should be, can be …
✔ اشتباه رایج → حذف be، استفاده از زمان اشتباه، فراموشی agent